Tanzania is currently experiencing a significant rise in temperatures across various regions, with the Tanzania Meteorological Authority (TMA) reporting notable increases in February 2025.
This trend is particularly evident in areas with biannual rainfall seasons, where recent months have seen temperature spikes due to the overhead sun effect and reduced rainfall.
The overhead sun phenomenon occurs twice a year in Tanzania. The sun reaches its peak position over the country in late November as it moves towards the Tropic of Capricorn and again in February when it shifts back toward the Tropic of Cancer. This natural occurrence leads to increased surface heating, causing temperature surges.
Recent data from TMA highlights significant temperature increases across the country. As of February 11, 2025, the Mlingano weather station in Tanga recorded a maximum temperature of 36.0°C on February 5, representing a 2.1°C rise above the long-term February average.
Similarly, the Julius Nyerere International Airport weather station in Dar es Salaam reported 35.0°C on February 10, reflecting a 2.2°C increase.
Tanga recorded 35.1°C on the same day, an increase of 2.3°C, while Kibaha experienced 35.8°C, 3.0°C above average. In Kilimanjaro, temperatures peaked at 34.3°C on February 9, marking a 0.6°C rise.
Beyond temperature increases, rising atmospheric humidity, particularly in coastal areas, has exacerbated the perceived heat.
Moisture-laden air, influenced by oceanic evaporation, creates a stifling environment, making conditions feel hotter than recorded temperatures suggest.
This phenomenon can have significant implications for public health, agriculture, and energy consumption.
Looking ahead, TMA warns that heatwaves are likely to persist throughout February 2025, particularly in regions where the short rainy season (Vuli) has ended.
Authorities and communities should prepare for prolonged periods of extreme heat, taking necessary precautions such as staying hydrated, limiting outdoor activities during peak hours, and adopting measures to mitigate heat-related health risks.
These patterns underscore the need for increased awareness and climate resilience strategies in sectors such as agriculture, health, and energy, where extreme temperatures can have far-reaching consequences.